ggplot2包|气泡图

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本文介绍ggplot2包绘制气泡图，气泡图，又称为权重散点图，除了具有散点图的特性外，还增加了其它变量来控制点的大小和颜色，从而让图所表达的信息更有差异化和显著性。

利用ggplot2包绘制散点图，步骤如下：

第一步：R包管理

if (!require("pacman")) {  install.packages("pacman")  require("pacman")}p_load(ggplot2, ggthemes, dplyr, scales, grid, showtext)

第二步：数据加载和理解

data(airquality)# 1) 数据结构str(airquality)# 2）数据概况summary(airquality)# 3）数据检视sample_n(airquality,10)

第三步：逐步绘制气泡图

1）基本的气泡图

在散点图的基础上，使用一个变量控制点的大小

aq_trim <- airquality %>%  filter(Month %in% c(7,8,9)) %>%  mutate(Month = factor(Month,                        labels = c("July", "August", "September")))p1 <- ggplot(data = aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind)) +  geom_point()p1

2）修改点的形状

配置参数shape的值

p2 <- ggplot(data = aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind)) +  geom_point(shape = 21)p2

3）修改x轴的刻度

使用scale_x_continuous函数

p3 <- p2 + scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5))p3

4）设置轴标签和标题

p4 <- p3 +   labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)")p4

5）调整点的配色

使用参数colour和fill来设置

p5 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind)) +  geom_point(shape = 21, colour = "mediumvioletred", fill = "springgreen") +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5))p5

或者

p6 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5))fill <- c("steelblue", "yellowgreen", "violetred1")p7 <- p6 + scale_fill_manual(values = fill)p7

6）点的大小按比例控制

使用scale_size_area()或者scale_size()函数实现成比例控制。

p8 <- p7 + scale_size_area(max_size = 10)p8

或者

p9 <- p7 + scale_size(range=c(1,10))p9

7）图例管理1

图例的位置和标题管理

p10 <- p9 +    theme(legend.position = "bottom", legend.direction = "horizontal") +  labs(size = "Wind Speed (mph) ", fill = "Months ")
p10

8）图例管理2

创建水平的图例

p11 <- p10 +   theme(legend.box = "vertical", legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"))p11

9）字体配置

font_add("Tahoma","Tahoma.ttf")font_add("heiti", regular = "simhei.ttf")showtext_auto()windowsFonts(  # 中文字体  lishu = windowsFont(family = "LiSu"),            # 隶书  yahei = windowsFont(family = "Microsoft YaHei"), # 微软雅黑  xinwei = windowsFont(family = "STXingwei"),      # 华文新魏  kaiti = windowsFont(family = "KaiTi"),           # 楷体  heiti = windowsFont(family = "SimHei"),          # 黑体  # 英文字体  arial = windowsFont(family = "Arial"),             # Arial字体  newman = windowsFont(family = "Times New Roman"),  #Times New Roman字体     hand = windowsFont(family = "Lucida Calligraphy"), # Lucida手写体  Helvetica = windowsFont(family = "Helvetica")      # 印刷体)

10）配置主题

主题1：经济学杂志主题

p12_1 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)", size = "Wind Speed (mph) ",       fill = "Months ") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5)) +  scale_size(range = c(1, 10)) +  theme_economist() + scale_fill_economist() +  theme(axis.line.x = element_line(size = .5, colour = "black"),        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),        legend.position = "bottom",        legend.direction = "horizontal",        legend.box = "vertical",        legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"),        legend.text = element_text(size = 10),        text = element_text(family = "newman"),        plot.title = element_text(family = "newman"))p12_1

主题2：Five Thirty Eight主题

p12_2 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)", size = "Wind Speed (mph) ",       fill = "Months ") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5)) +  scale_size(range = c(1, 10)) +  theme_fivethirtyeight() + scale_fill_fivethirtyeight() +  theme(axis.title = element_text(family = "Helvetica"),        legend.position = "bottom",        legend.direction = "horizontal",        legend.box = "vertical",        legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"),        legend.title = element_text(family = "Helvetica", size = 10),        legend.text = element_text(family = "Helvetica", size = 10),        plot.title = element_text(family = "Helvetica"),        text = element_text(family = "Helvetica"))p12_2

主题3：自定义主题

fill <- c("steelblue", "yellowgreen", "violetred1")p12_3 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)", size = "Wind Speed (mph) ",       fill = "Months ") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5)) +  scale_size(range = c(1, 10)) +  scale_fill_manual(values = fill) +  theme(panel.border = element_rect(colour = "black", fill = NA, size = .5),        axis.text.x = element_text(colour = "black", size = 9),        axis.text.y = element_text(colour = "black", size = 9),        legend.position = "bottom",        legend.direction = "horizontal",        legend.box = "vertical",        legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"),        legend.key = element_blank(),        panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "#d3d3d3"),        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),        panel.background = element_blank(),        plot.title = element_text(size = 14, family = "Tahoma", face = "bold"),        text = element_text(family = "Tahoma"))p12_3

关于气泡图的绘制，你有什么问题，请留言。

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附录：完整代码

###################气泡图#################
# 1 R包管理if (!require("pacman")) {  install.packages("pacman")  require("pacman")}p_load(ggplot2, ggthemes, dplyr, scales, grid, showtext)
# 2 数据准备和理解data(airquality)# 1) 数据结构str(airquality)# 2）数据概况summary(airquality)# 3）数据检视sample_n(airquality,10)
# 3 逐步绘制气泡图# 1）基本的气泡图aq_trim <- airquality %>%  filter(Month %in% c(7,8,9)) %>%  mutate(Month = factor(Month,                        labels = c("July", "August", "September")))p1 <- ggplot(data = aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind)) +  geom_point()p1
# 2) 修改点的形状p2 <- ggplot(data = aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind)) +  geom_point(shape = 21)p2
# 3) 修改x轴的刻度p3 <- p2 + scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5))p3
# 4) 设置轴标签和标题p4 <- p3 +   labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)")p4
# 5) 配置点的配色p5 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind)) +  geom_point(shape = 21, colour = "mediumvioletred", fill = "springgreen") +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5))p5
# 或者p6 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5))fill <- c("steelblue", "yellowgreen", "violetred1")p7 <- p6 + scale_fill_manual(values = fill)p7
# 6）点的大小按比例控制p8 <- p7 + scale_size_area(max_size = 10)p8
p9 <- p7 + scale_size(range=c(1,10))p9
# 7）图例管理1p10 <- p9 +    theme(legend.position = "bottom", legend.direction = "horizontal") +  labs(size = "Wind Speed (mph) ", fill = "Months ") 
p10
# 8) 图例管理2p11 <- p10 +   theme(legend.box = "vertical", legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"))p11
# 9) 字体配置font_add("Tahoma","Tahoma.ttf")font_add("heiti", regular = "simhei.ttf")showtext_auto()windowsFonts(  # 中文字体  lishu = windowsFont(family = "LiSu"),            # 隶书  yahei = windowsFont(family = "Microsoft YaHei"), # 微软雅黑  xinwei = windowsFont(family = "STXingwei"),      # 华文新魏  kaiti = windowsFont(family = "KaiTi"),           # 楷体  heiti = windowsFont(family = "SimHei"),          # 黑体  # 英文字体  arial = windowsFont(family = "Arial"),             # Arial字体  newman = windowsFont(family = "Times New Roman"),  #Times New Roman字体     hand = windowsFont(family = "Lucida Calligraphy"), # Lucida手写体  Helvetica = windowsFont(family = "Helvetica")      # 印刷体)   
# 10）配置主题# 经济学杂志主题p12_1 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)", size = "Wind Speed (mph) ",       fill = "Months ") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5)) +  scale_size(range = c(1, 10)) +  theme_economist() + scale_fill_economist() +  theme(axis.line.x = element_line(size = .5, colour = "black"),        axis.title = element_text(size = 12),        legend.position = "bottom",        legend.direction = "horizontal",        legend.box = "vertical",        legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"),        legend.text = element_text(size = 10),        text = element_text(family = "newman"),        plot.title = element_text(family = "newman"))p12_1
# Five Thirty Eight 主题p12_2 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)", size = "Wind Speed (mph) ",       fill = "Months ") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5)) +  scale_size(range = c(1, 10)) +  theme_fivethirtyeight() + scale_fill_fivethirtyeight() +  theme(axis.title = element_text(family = "Helvetica"),        legend.position = "bottom",        legend.direction = "horizontal",        legend.box = "vertical",        legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"),        legend.title = element_text(family = "Helvetica", size = 10),        legend.text = element_text(family = "Helvetica", size = 10),        plot.title = element_text(family = "Helvetica"),        text = element_text(family = "Helvetica"))p12_2# 自定义主题fill <- c("steelblue", "yellowgreen", "violetred1")p12_3 <- ggplot(aq_trim, aes(x = Day, y = Ozone, size = Wind, fill = Month)) +  geom_point(shape = 21) +  labs(title = "Air Quality in New York by Day",       subtitle = "Source: New York State Department of Conservation") +  labs(x = "Day of the month", y = "Ozone (ppb)", size = "Wind Speed (mph) ",       fill = "Months ") +  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(1, 31, 5)) +  scale_size(range = c(1, 10)) +  scale_fill_manual(values = fill) +  theme(panel.border = element_rect(colour = "black", fill = NA, size = .5),        axis.text.x = element_text(colour = "black", size = 9),        axis.text.y = element_text(colour = "black", size = 9),        legend.position = "bottom",        legend.direction = "horizontal",        legend.box = "vertical",        legend.key.size = unit(0.5, "cm"),        legend.key = element_blank(),        panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "#d3d3d3"),        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),        panel.background = element_blank(),        plot.title = element_text(size = 14, family = "Tahoma", face = "bold"),        text = element_text(family = "Tahoma"))p12_3